Performance evaluation of reverse logistics enterprise – an agent-based simulation approach

Reverse logistics (RL) has been applied in many industries and sectors since its conception. Unlike forward logistics, retracing consumer goods from the point of consumption to the point of inception is not a well-studied process. It involves many uncertainties such as time, quality and quantity of returns. The returned products can be remanufactured, have parts harvested, or be disposed safely. It is important to implement these activities in a cost-effective manner. The aim of this research is to measure the performance of the RL enterprise with the help of an agent-based simulation model. The major entities in the RL network are considered as Agents that can act independently. There are several different agents: collector agent, sorting-cum-reuse agent, remanufacturing agent, recycler agent, supplier agent and distributor agent. The individual performances of the agents are measured and recommendations are given to improve their performance, leading to the enhancement of the total performance of the RL enterprise. The approach is applied to a case study involving cell phone remanufacturing.     

Nitrogen evolution during the co-combustion of hydrothermally treated municipal solid waste and coal in a bubbling fluidized bed

Nitrogen evolution was studied during the co-combustion of hydrothermally treated municipal solid wastes (HT MSW) and coal in a bubbling fluidized bed (BFB). HT MSW blending ratios as 10%, 20% and 30% (wt.%) were selected and tested at 700, 800, 900 °C. Emissions of NO and N₂O from blends were measured and compared with the results of mono-combustion trials. Moreover, concentrations of precursors like NH₃ and HCN were also quantified. The results are summarized as follows: NO emissions were predominant in all the cases, which rose with increasing temperature. The blending of HT MSW contributed to the NO reduction. N₂O emissions decreased with temperature rising and the blending of HT MSW also presented positive effects. At 30% HT MSW addition, both NO and N₂O emissions showed the lowest values (391.85 ppm and 55.33 ppm, respectively at 900 °C). For the precursors, more HCN was detected than NH₃ and both played important roles on the gas side nitrogen evolution.     

再生资源产业发展的战略思考与对策建议

再生资源产业对于破解我国资源环境约束、推动新型城镇化建设和促进产业结构调整具有重要的支撑作用.但是我国再生资源产业处于发展初期,面临管理体系不善、技宋鬟备落后、产业规 缺位和产业政策不清等突出问题.对此,提出六点具体建议,包括：加强立法和产业发展的顶层设计,构建再生资源高效回收体系,推动技术装备升级和推广,完善配套财税政策,强化产业规划统筹和部门政策衔接,加强与新型城镇化建设的融合等.     

把握机遇乘势而为全力推进再生资源回收体系建设——对温家宝总理关于建立废旧商品回收体系重要指示的理解

2011年9月22日，国务院总理温家宝主持召开国务院常务会议，部署建立完整、先进的废旧商品回收体系。在深刻学习、理解会议精神的基础上，提出了全力推动再生资源回收体系建设向纵深发展，必须要做到“四个坚持，一个加强”。     

新型结构ABR的设计与水力特性研究

针对ABR自身的缺点,设计出一种新型结构的ABR.该反应器为双层结构,共有5部分组成,各部分容积各不相同.该反应器的设计思想是将ABR与生物滤池以及活性炭吸附等工艺相联合.这种设计能够最大程度地发挥各工艺的优势,进而达到更好的处理效果.通过脉冲响应实验对该反应器的水力特性进行研究,得出不同水力停留时间(HRT)下的停留...     

国外建筑废弃物循环利用的经验及对我国的启示

伴随着建筑废弃物产生量的迅速增长,建筑废弃物循环利用已成为循环经济发展的重点领域。从完善的法律法规、深度循环利用方式和产业化发展等方面,对国外发达国家废弃物循环利用的经验和做法加以总结和提升,并结合我国实际,提出建立健全我国建筑废弃物法律法规体系、构筑多级循环利用模式和培育废弃物利用产业体系的几点启示,以期为我国相关部门制定建筑废弃物的相关政策制度、提高建筑废弃物的循环再利用水平提供参考和依据。     

填埋场不同深度垃圾土压缩性的室内试验研究

阐述了垃圾土的压缩机理,归纳了国内外垃圾土压缩性指标的研究成果。根据某填埋场3个不同深度的垃圾土试样,在改装后的高压固结仪上进行压缩试验,得到垃圾土的压缩系数a、主压缩指数C、修正主压缩指数C'、压缩模量E以及体积压缩系数m,并对试验结果进行分析。试验结果表明,垃圾土的初始孔隙比随填埋深度的增加而减小,垃圾土的压缩指数随其可降解度和有机质含量的减少而降低,垃圾土具有高压缩性,其压缩性指标与垃圾的组成和填埋深度有关。将得到的压缩性指标与国内外的资料进行了比较,可为填埋场的设计及变形计算提供参考。     

转变观念 突破思维——对供销社再生资源行业的冷思考

在我国转变经济发展方式、调整经济结构的转型期，供销社再生资源行业面临重大的机遇和挑战。对传统再生资源回收企业如何抓住机遇、转变观念、突破创新，进行了深入、全面的分析。     

聚硅酸对不同形态铝沉积行为的影响

针对给水管网中残余铝沉积和再溶解现象可能引起的水质问题,研究了聚硅酸对不同水解聚合形态铝沉积、再溶解的影响,并以石英微晶天平为表征手段,初步探讨了聚硅酸对不同形态铝沉积、再溶解过程影响的机理.结果表明,聚硅酸能显著改变不同水解聚合形态铝的沉积、再溶解行为.聚硅酸可与3种水解聚合形态的铝迅速结合而生成可沉积产物,但产物性质不同.以单体形态为主的Al_0与聚硅酸的反应产物性质较稳定,部分以溶解态存在,部分以非溶解态(可沉积态)存在;尽管铝的两种聚合形态Al_(13)和Al_(30)与聚硅酸反应也生成了部分可沉积产物,但随着时间的推移,这些产物又逐渐向溶解态转化.铝硅比对Al_0体系中铝的沉积溶解行为影响较小,而对Al_(13)和Al_(30)影响较大,且在0.2∶20(以Al和SiO_2计的质量比)时,沉积态铝的溶解速率最快.     

两个CANON污水处理系统中氨氧化古菌的丰度和多样性研究

近期,氨氧化古菌(ammonia-oxidizing archaea,AOA)在各类环境中的发现,打破了人们原来认为氨氧化主要是由氨氧化细菌(ammonia-oxidizing bacteria,AOB)完成的观点.但是在全程自养脱氮(completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite,CANON)污水处理系统中关于AOA的研究却鲜有提及.利用PCR、克隆、实时荧光定量PCR(quantitative real time PCR,q PCR)等分子生物学技术,对1个小试(lab-scale,L)和1个中试(pilot-scale,P)CANON系统中的生物膜和活性污泥絮体两种形态的污泥进行AOA数量和种属特征的研究.结果表明:1系统L和P中,AOA的amo A基因数量平均值(以dry sludge计)分别为2.42×106copies·g-1和6.51×106copies·g-1;2 AOA的amo A基因丰度随污泥形态不同数量相差很大:L系统中,生物膜AOA amo A丰度约为活性污泥絮体的11.1~15.1倍;P系统中,污泥絮体AOA amo A数量是生物膜中的2.8倍;3多样性方面:P系统的AOA多样性较低,仅出现一个OTU,该OTU属于Nitrosopumilus subcluster 5.2类群;L系统AOA多样性较高,共有8个OTU出现,分别属于Nitrososphaera subcluster 9、subcluster 8.1、subcluster 4.1、subcluster 1.1和Nitrosopumilus subcluster 5.2这5个类群.总之,在同一个CANON系统中,污泥形态不同,AOA的丰度和群落结构相差较大;AOA可能发挥着氨氧化的作用.